[3.7] gh-95778: CVE-2020-10735: Prevent DoS by very large int() (GH-96504)
Converting between `int` and `str` in bases other than 2 (binary), 4, 8 (octal), 16 (hexadecimal), or 32 such as base 10 (decimal) now raises a `ValueError` if the number of digits in string form is above a limit to avoid potential denial of service attacks due to the algorithmic complexity. This is a mitigation for CVE-2020-10735 (https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-10735). This new limit can be configured or disabled by environment variable, command line flag, or :mod:`sys` APIs. See the `Integer String Conversion Length Limitation` documentation. The default limit is 4300 digits in string form. Patch by Gregory P. Smith [Google] and Christian Heimes [Red Hat] with feedback from Victor Stinner, Thomas Wouters, Steve Dower, Ned Deily, and Mark Dickinson.
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