gh-92256: Improve Argument Clinic parser error messages (GH-92268)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
(cherry picked from commit 4bd07d1d)

Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>