Signed-off-by: Christoph Anton Mitterer <mail@christoph.anton.mitterer.name>
Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in Modules/_asynciomodule.c.

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

Improves the docstring on signal.strsignal to make it explain when it returns a message, None, or when it raises ValueError.

Closes #98930

Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>

python 1 & 2 were a loong time ago.

gh-99418: Make urllib.parse.urlparse enforce that a scheme must begin with an alphabetical ASCII character. (#99421)

Prevent urllib.parse.urlparse from accepting schemes that don't begin with an alphabetical ASCII character.

RFC 3986 defines a scheme like this: `scheme = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )`
RFC 2234 defines an ALPHA like this: `ALPHA = %x41-5A / %x61-7A`

The WHATWG URL spec defines a scheme like this:
`"A URL-scheme string must be one ASCII alpha, followed by zero or more of ASCII alphanumeric, U+002B (+), U+002D (-), and U+002E (.)."`

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in C files of the Modules/_ctypes/ directory.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in test C files of the Modules/ directory.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in Modules/itertoolsmodule.c.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in Modules/_elementtree.c.

PyFrame_GetVar() no longer creates a temporary dictionary to get a
variable.

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:isidentical

Introduce the autocommit attribute to Connection and the autocommit
parameter to connect() for PEP 249-compliant transaction handling.

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
Co-authored-by: Géry Ogam <gery.ogam@gmail.com>

gh-99357: Close the event loop when it is no longer used in test_uncancel_structured_blocks (#99414)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>

Co-authored-by: Rémi Lapeyre <remi.lapeyre@henki.fr>
Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>

We actually don't move PyImport_Inittab.  Instead, we make a copy that we keep on _PyRuntimeState and use only that after Py_Initialize().  We also prevent folks from modifying PyImport_Inittab (the best we can) after that point.

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/81057

The global allocators were stored in 3 static global variables: _PyMem_Raw, _PyMem, and _PyObject.  State for the "small block" allocator was stored in another 13.  That makes a total of 16 global variables. We are moving all 16 to the _PyRuntimeState struct as part of the work for gh-81057.  (If PEP 684 is accepted then we will follow up by moving them all to PyInterpreterState.)

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/81057

simple code modernization.

Co-authored-by: Pieter Eendebak <pieter.eendebak@gmail.com>

As we consolidate global variables, we find some objects that are almost suitable to add to _PyRuntimeState.global_objects, but have some small/sneaky bit of per-interpreter state (e.g. a weakref list). We're adding PyInterpreterState.static_objects so we can move such objects there. (We'll removed the _not_used field once we've added others.)

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/81057

We also move the closely related max_module_number and add comments documenting the group of struct members.

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/81057

gh-81057: Generate a Separate Initializer For Each Part of the Global Objects Initializer (gh-99389)

Up until now we had a single generated initializer macro for all the statically declared global objects in _PyRuntimeState, including several one-offs (e.g. the empty tuple). The one-offs don't need to be generated, but were because we had one big initializer. Having separate initializers for set of generated global objects allows us to generate only the ones we need to.  This allows us to add initializers for one-off global objects without having to generate them.

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/81057

gh-98707: configure --with-system-libmpdec and --with-system-expat no longer include vendored headers (#98711)

Noticable -> Noticeable

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:AlexWaygood

fix(doc-tools): use sphinx.locale._ as gettext() for backward-compatibility in pyspecific.py

[why] spinix 5.3 changed locale.translators from a defaultdict(gettext.NullTranslations) to a dict, which leads to failure of pyspecific.py. Use sphinx.locale._ as gettext to fix the issue.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in C files of the Objects/ directory.

Replace Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() with Py_NewRef() and
Py_XNewRef() in C files of the Objects/ directory.